Endgame in the Balkans: Regime Change, European Style
Pond is cautiously upbeat about the prospects for both the European Union and the Balkan states that want in. The link between the two constitutes the warp and woof of her book, but, in utterly lucid fashion, she does her weaving by tracing the broader, often unsteady, sometimes rapid path back to modern European ways in each of the Balkan countries, beginning with Romania and the striking success story, Bulgaria. All, however -- including Albania, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia -- are given their due. With just enough history to illuminate each story, Pond skillfully guides the reader through the intricate interplay between the region's later violence (Bosnia and Kosovo) and each country's painful effort to put the pieces back together and chase the hope of joining Europe's effort to achieve a common economic space with sturdy political institutions and a unified voice.
Related
Although Russia has projected itself more forcefully on the world stage since the beginning of the Putin era, its foreign policy still lacks any sort of grand strategic vision. Russian leaders continue to squabble over issues from NATO expansion to the world economy. But they are particularly concerned about Russia's identity, especially with regard to the post-Soviet states. If the Bush administration fails to devise a coherent policy of its own toward its former rival, it may face serious problems down the road.
The United States may have reset its Russia policy, but the U.S. approach to the other states in the region is in dire need of a conceptual revolution.
What enthusiasts took for a global rush to democracy may be reversing direction, with backsliding and stalled transitions in the former Soviet Union, Africa, the Middle East. So far, one sees disarray or new strongmen much like the old; no competing ideologies seem to be beckoning. Market reforms have not been the cause in most cases. More affluent countries with Western ties seem to be sticking the course better. However the trend plays out, it should lead the administration to rethink democracy promotion. The truth is that U.S. policy is not significantly responsible for democracy's advance or retreat in the world.

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