Reins of Liberation: An Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911-1950
The story of Mongolia, both Inner and Outer, has not received the attention that it probably deserves. As Liu demonstrates in great detail, it is a story that involves the geopolitical maneuverings of China, Russia, and Japan; struggles for independence and for domination over others; and the complex political and social changes that go along with transitions from traditional empires to modern nation-states. The idea of a sovereign Mongolia had complex repercussions for the Chinese, who wanted to claim some of the greatness associated with the historic Mongol conquests but also championed ethnic and racial identities when it came to Han chauvinism and assumed that the Mongolians should accept the leadership of the Han ethnic majority. The story became even more complex when the Russians introduced Bolshevism as a basis, considered superior to both ethnicity and territoriality, for drawing political boundaries.
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For some months, 1966 promised to be a year of significant albeit gradual change in American policy toward Communist China. In a strange and paradoxical fashion, the emotional issues of the Viet Nam War opened the way for the most sober, responsible and even-handed public discussion of China since the Communists came to power. At Congressional hearings and in the mass media, scholars and leaders of opinion have dispassionately calculated the possibilities for change, and Administration leaders have in their customarily guarded language intimated that change was not impossible. Most significant of all, the American public demonstrated a gratifying degree of maturity by forgetting the old passions and asking for only facts and analyses about the new China. Our national mood was increasingly one of believing that with prudence and wisdom it would be possible to work toward gradually incorporating China into responsible world relationships.
Are The Tiananmen Papers authentic? What do they tell us? The truth could overturn an official history that has stymied political reform in China for a decade.
Christopher Patten's new book goes beyond Hong Kong to offer a sensible middle ground in the debate over the link between culture and Asia's rise -- and fall.

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