The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd
As the detail of familiar objects under a microscope recasts preexisting impressions, Rabinowitch's week-by-week and, in places, day-by-day reconstruction of Bolshevik politics from the first to the second October under Soviet rule gives altogether familiar events an unfamiliar and far deeper resonance. The Bolsheviks were divided even in power, and over principle, not merely tactics; Lenin and his iron-fisted ally, Trotsky, emerge as not only single-minded, uncompromising, and ruthless but also genuinely in tune with the revolution-stoked workers, soldiers, and sailors of Petrograd and Moscow. How those among the Bolsheviks who believed power should be shared with other leftist parties and who recoiled from crude repression -- the dominant view among party leaders at the time of the revolution, Rabinowitch argues -- lost to the Leninists is at the heart of the drama. From the fresh and compelling detail Rabinowitch offers, the denouement seems to have come quickly -- indeed, within the first ten days after the seizure of the Winter Palace. Nonetheless, Rabinowitch's fine-grained history gives to largely foretold events a texture and complexity absent before.
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Will Russia be run by democrats or oligarchs? The signs are worrying. The West would rather not dwell on the extent to which Russia's market is dominated by robber barons and permeated by crime and corruption. Russia's democracy is weak, with unfair election campaigns, a compromised media, and few checks on the presidency. The West cannot afford to let Russia descend into chaos, which might mean losing control of Russia's arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, but its two-faced NATO expansion policy hurts the democrats' chances.
Russia's interests demand good relations with everyone, but older, darker forces tempt it to avenge its fall from superpowerdom. Westernizing democrats govern for now, but ex-communist elites and embittered generals scheme to re invigorate the military and reassert control over the borderlands. Their machinations are creating a fault line across the oil-rich Caucasus and Central Asia. For Russia to neglect its reconstruction to pursue the illusion of power would be a monumental mistake. While the expansion of NATO is misconceived, the West must not encourage Russian hard-liners with unmerited concessions.

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