What Does China Think?
Westerners generally have a hard time keeping track of Chinese intellectuals -- essayists, academics, philosophers, government officials, journalists, novelists. Leonard has come up with an ingenious solution: he has drafted a dramatis personae that consists of one-paragraph introductions to China's leading thinkers -- and collectively they provide answers to the question of what China thinks. The Chinese experience with Maoism and Dengism has produced a leadership community that still attaches importance to ideological positions, but at the same time there is tolerance for a degree of diversity. Enough Chinese scholars have studied at Western universities that the culture of free-thinking academics is understood at Chinese universities.
Related
China is finding it ever more difficult to straddle the divide between its anachronistic political system and its booming market economy. A reconsideration of the country's political future must come soon. Fortunately, China can find guidance in its own history: a previous generation of reformers who sought to balance the imperatives of modernity with the best aspects of Chinese tradition.
In less than five years Japan will have a population profile like Florida's. Indeed, Japan's population is aging faster than that of any other country. A future with only two workers for each retiree will force radical change. It will shrink savings, turn the trade surplus to deficit, and drive more industry overseas. These demographic and economic factors will push Japan toward an increasingly independent foreign policy, causing friction with America. Tokyo and Washington must seek new arrangements cognizant of a maturing Japan.
The longer-term impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami -- on Japanese domestic affairs, economics, and foreign policy -- is already a topic of major debate. Even as Japan struggles to recover, the disaster revealed deep reservoirs of strength in Japan’s economy and national character which have only grown in its wake.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.