India: The Emerging Giant
This is a massive research study that will command the respect of scholars who like to pore over tables, graphs, and charts in search of patterns and connections in the data. Panagariya not only is a distinguished professor of economics at Columbia University, but he has also been a chief economist at the Asian Development Bank and served at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. It is therefore not surprising that his focus is on the policy choices of the Indian government. He is able to tell the story of India's economic growth by highlighting different phases of its economic policy: the country went down the wrong road in the 1950s and 1960s but has corrected its course with liberal policies more recently. Panagariya clearly demonstrates how India would have been better off if it had followed the example of South Korea and embraced a more liberal approach earlier. He ends with a very favorable evaluation of India's prospects, but his enthusiasm is kept in check by the acknowledgment that the country is not about to overtake China.
Related
There is no major political system today about which we have less data and fewer meaningful facts than that of Communist China. Yet decisions which will shape our diplomacy, and more concretely our military establishment, for years ahead must be made in the light of what we now surmise to be the Chinese people's character and dynamics. Inescapably we fall back upon abstractions and gross generalizations.
This year India celebrates the twenty-fifth anniversary of her independence. These have been years of change and turmoil everywhere. Deep surging forces have torn asunder our past colonial feudal structures and have combined with the tides sweeping the world to give our post- independence evolution its unique qualities. But our own unvarying concerns have been two: to safeguard our independence and to overcome the blight of poverty.
The great hurrahs of the Cultural Revolution, the slogans, the messianic fervor, the public humiliation of the heretics are all gone. A visitor to Peking is impressed by nothing so much as by the return to normalcy, by pragmatism and-if one could imagine it in a Spartan land-a feeling of relaxation. Indeed, one might easily think that there had never been the awesome upheaval of 1966-69 "to change men's souls." Human frailty is once again understood, and there is at least an implied recognition that man does not live by faith alone.

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