The India Model
After being shackled by the government for decades, India's economy has become one of the world's strongest. The country's unique development model -- relying on domestic consumption and high-tech services -- has brought a quarter century of record growth despite an incompetent and heavy-handed state. But for that growth to continue, the state must start modernizing along with Indian society.
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The West accounts for a disproportionate share of world income because it has already passed through capitalist development. Now that Asia is becoming capitalist, it will return to the center of the world economy, where it was in the early nineteenth century. Current currency crises are only blips on the screen. Asia's miracle transpired not because of shrewd industrial policy or great leaps forward but because countries attracted foreign investment and moved up the development ladder one rung at a time. But ahead lies the challenge, particularly for India and China, of establishing modern governments.
A combination of factors is inexorably pushing India toward what may be described as a political and economic watershed. The decisions and actions that its leadership takes-or fails to take-this year may shape the history not only of India but perhaps of Asia for a long time to come.
India's elections aroused fears about its political viability but elicited yawns about its economic health. The reality of India's prospects is just the opposite. Conventional wisdom aside, the main threat India faces is economic. Slower growth and a stalled program of economic reforms could endanger India's stability. Its politics, by contrast, exhibit an admirable ability to bring extremists, including the Hindu nationalists of the newly preeminent Bharatiya Janata Party, closer to the center. India's democracy is the glue that keeps the country together; its economy, if not reformed, could cause dangerous strains.

Comments
Appreciation of Nehru
I am as an ardent believer in the free market as the esteemed writer is, but the writer judges Nehru's policies with the benefit of hindsight.
In Nehru's day socialism was not a proven failure to national progress as it is today. Also, irrespective of the economic havoc that socialism caused and continues to cause in India, it nevertheless contributed to weaving India into a single nation.
One must appreciate that independent administration and their own free nation was a new concept to the leaders of yore and naturally they were protectionist since they had languished in jails for that freedom.
One should also recognize that the basic criteria of a nation is demographic or linguistic homogeneity. India is a unique experiment to the converse and its self-adjusting democratic system may have been too brittle to start of with a purely capitalist agenda which tends to create disparities.
Better a slowly progressing united India than a broken one. Thankfully the dire choices of past are behind us and we look forward to a better future.
An extremely well written article by the way!