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With the rise of endless irregular wars playing out in the shadows, special operations have never been more important to U.S. national security. But policymakers and commanders focus too much on dramatic raids and high-tech drone strikes. They need to pay more attention to an even more important task these forces take on: training foreign troops.
Critics argue that U.S. drone strikes are creating more problems than they solve and are driving al Qaeda’s recruiting. But as much as the terrorist network plays up civilian casualties and U.S. intervention in its propaganda videos, the truth is that economic distress, not resentment of U.S. strikes, is what's pushing Yemenis into the insurgency.
From the very beginning of the revolt in the Middle East, Riyadh has reached beyond its borders to influence events. So far, the kingdom has successfully outmaneuvered its rival Iran. Democracy, meanwhile, hasn't even qualified as an afterthought.
In recent months, as the world's attention shifted to Libya and elsewhere in the Arab world, Yemen's pro-democracy protests were overshadowed by a struggle among three of the country's most entrenched power brokers.
In Yemen, Saudi Arabia has made an about-face, turning from a supporter of the status quo into the engineer of President Ali Abdullah Saleh’s departure. But with Saleh gone, Riyadh’s options for maintaining its influence only get more difficult.
With Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh out of the country, the remnants of his regime and many analysts in the West are warning of a vacuum that could be exploited by al Qaeda. This fear, however, ignores how tribal politics and Islamist groups actually function in Yemen.
With fighting now engulfing Yemen's capital, the country's uprising has turned into a tribal contest for power. President Ali Abdullah Saleh has proven to be a master manipulator of the country's tribal intrigues -- and likely preserved his own political survival.
Even if Yemen manages to avoid civil war, the country's many economic and security challenges may undermine democratic reform. In setting the post-Saleh agenda, will Yemen's disparate opposition movements be able to outmaneuver the country's established powers?
For years, Arab dictators used food subsidies -- and cheap bread -- to keep their subjects quiet. But when prices rose, the very thing that regimes used to ensure obedience became a symbol and a source of revolution.
This article appears in the Foreign Affairs/CFR eBook, The New Arab Revolt.
Inspired by uprisings throughout the Middle East, opposition activists in Yemen have begun confronting the regime in the streets. Can the country's disparate opposition factions find a common language -- and will the Saleh government listen?
This article appears in the Foreign Affairs/CFR eBook, The New Arab Revolt.
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