Economics   January/February 2012 Comment

Making Modernity Work

Today’s troubles are real, but not ideological: they relate more to policies than to principles. The postwar order of mutually supporting liberal democracies with...

Gideon Rose

Ideology   September 1923 Essay

Lenin and Mussolini

Harold J. Laski

Ideology   March 1924 Essay

Lenin

Victor Chernov

Ideology   July 1930 Essay

Stalin's Power

Paul Scheffer

Civil Society   January 1932 Essay

Making the Collective Man in Soviet Russia

William Henry Chamberlin

Ideology   January 1928 Essay

The Philosophic Basis of Fascism

Giovanni Gentile

Ideology   April 1931 Essay

Radical Forces in Germany

Erich Koch-Weser

Civil Society   April 1932 Essay

Hitler: Phenomenon and Portent

A German journalist explains the mystifying rise of Hitler and the Nazis.

Paul Scheffer

Ideology   July 1933 Essay

Hitler's Reich

Writing in 1933, Hamilton Fish Armstrong describes the collapse of the Weimar Republic and Adolf Hitler's ascent to power.

Hamilton Fish Armstrong

Theory   April 1950 Essay

Political Ideas in the Twentieth Century

Isaiah Berlin

Political Development   October 1932 Essay

Of Liberty

Benedetto Croce

Economic Development   October 1932 Essay

The Position and Prospects of Communism

Harold J. Laski

Economics   April 1934 Essay

Nationalism and Economic Life

Leon Trotsky

Political Development   October 1937 Essay

The Reconstruction of Liberalism

Editors' Note. The publication date of Mr. Lippmann's book is September 24.

C. H. McIlwain

Economics   April 1942 Essay

The Economic Tasks of the Postwar World

Alvin H. Hansen and C. P. Kindleberger

Political Development   January 1944 Essay

Freedom and Control

Geoffrey Crowther

Economics   January 1949 Essay

Limits of Economic Planning

Barbara Ward

Ideology   July 1954 Essay

The Split Between Asian and Western Socialism

David J. Saposs

Global Institutions   May/June 1996 Essay

The Myth of Post-Cold War Chaos

Stop searching for order. The international structure established by the liberal democracies after World War II is still in place, and in many ways stronger than ever....

G. John Ikenberry

Democratization   July/August 2007 Essay

The Return of Authoritarian Great Powers

Liberal democracy, led by the United States, may have emerged triumphant from the great struggles of the twentieth century. But the post-Cold War rise of...

Azar Gat

Economic Development   March/April 2009 Essay

How Development Leads to Democracy

Democratic institutions tend to emerge only when certain social and cultural conditions exist. But economic development and modernization push those conditions in the...

Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel

Economic Development   March/April 2011 Essay

The Post-Washington Consensus

The American version of capitalism is no longer dominant around the world. In the next decade, developing countries are likely to continue to trade the flexibility and...

Nancy Birdsall and Francis Fukuyama

Economics   January/February 2012 Comment

The Future of History

Stagnating wages and growing inequality will soon threaten the stability of contemporary liberal democracies and dethrone democratic ideology as it is now understood....

Francis Fukuyama

Economics   January/February 2012 Comment

The Democratic Malaise

The advanced industrial democracies are facing a crisis of governability. Globalization is widening the gap between what voters demand and what their governments can...

Charles A. Kupchan

Political Economy   January/February 2012 Review Essay

The Strange Triumph of Liberal Democracy

Intelligent observers of Europe in the 1930s thought its future belonged to communism or fascism and would have ridiculed the notion that decades later the entire...

Shlomo Avineri