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Bernard Lewis

Politics & Society March/April 2009 Essay

Free at Last?

The future of the Arab world will depend on the outcome of a battle between those advocating Islamic theocracy and those seeking to establish liberal democracy.

Bernard Lewis

Middle East - Foreign Affairs

Politics & Society May/June 2005 Essay

Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East

To speak of dictatorship as being the immemorial way of doing things in the Middle East is simply untrue. It shows ignorance of the Arab past, contempt for the Arab...

Bernard Lewis

Terrorism & Counterterrorism November/December 1998 Comment

License to Kill: Usama bin Ladin's Declaration of Jihad

A little-noticed declaration of jihad by Usama bin Ladin in an Arabic newspaper underscores the Islamist's main grievance: infidel U.S. troops in Arabia.

Bernard Lewis

Saudi Arabia - Foreign Affairs

Globalization January/February 1997 Essay

The West and the Middle East

The Middle East has probably been debating Western modernity longer than anywhere else, as many try to become modern without becoming Western. Since the sixteenth...

Bernard Lewis

Middle East - Foreign Affairs

War & Military Strategy Fall 1992 Essay

Rethinking the Middle East

The Gulf War has affected regional political consciousness and undermined traditional percpetions, e.g. of pan-Arab unity and of the effectiveness of oil as a weapon....

Bernard Lewis

Middle East - Foreign Affairs

United Nations October 1976 Essay

The Anti-Zionist Resolution

On November 10, 1976, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Resolution declaring that "Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination." Seventy...

Bernard Lewis

Israel - Foreign Affairs

Security July 1969 Essay

The Great Powers, the Arabs and the Israelis

During the months that followed the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, the view gradually gained ground in the West that the Arab defeat represented a considerable Russian...

Bernard Lewis

Russian Federation - Foreign Affairs

Security January 1968 Essay

The Arab-Israeli War

SINCE the end of the third Arab-Israeli war the vocabulary of Middle Eastern politics has been enriched with a new formula-"the removal of the consequences of...

Bernard Lewis

Security | Foreign Affairs

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