This study, by a Namibian political scientist on the staff of South Africa's Stellenbosch University, details Pretoria's unavailing efforts to foster the political ascendancy of conservative traditional rulers over Namibia's Ovamboland, and to establish the area as a "self-governing" independent territory. From this account it would appear that Namibian resentment of government authority, as applied through ineffective surrogates, extends significantly beyond those with close allegiance to the Ovambo-led SWAPO liberation group.